MSE160: Molecules and Materials


Q: What do you call an acid with an attitude? 

A: A-mean-oh acid 

MSE160, Molecules and Materials, is a course that covers two major subjects: molecular science and material science. This course will offer a nice change of pace from the advanced math in your other courses and will feature more of the chemistry you may remember from high school.   

The molecular science concepts will include atomic bonding, unit cell configurations, the electromagnetic spectrum, and more. You’ll learn about material imperfections and defects, failure mechanics, material processing methods, and phase diagrams. 

A 3D rendering of a molecular structure. The image features white spheres of various sizes, connected by rods, set against a soft, light grey background. Small droplets are scattered throughout, enhancing the scientific and dynamic feel of the composition.
Photo by D koi on Unsplash

Professors

Portrait of Professor Scott Ramsay
Professor Scott Ramsay [Source]

Professor Scott Ramsay

Professor Scott Ramsay is a teaching stream professor who’s co-teaching MSE160 this year. He’s a registered professional engineer in Ontario and earned his PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from U of T in 2007. He’s taught many courses that revolve around the study of materials science, including thermodynamics, materials selection, manufacturing, and biomaterials. Professor Ramsay has authored a digital MSE160 course textbook which features awesome demos, fun stories, and videos that help explain chemistry topics. He also made a polyurethane Pikachu in lecture!  

If you’d like a preview of what’ll be taught in the course, check out Prof. Ramsay’s YouTube channel.

Portrait of Professor Jun Nogami
Professor Jun Nogami [Source]

Professor Jun Nogami 

Professor Jun Nogami is a Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Toronto, where he’s been a faculty member since 2004. He was the chair of the Department of Materials Science & Engineering at U of T from 2009 to 2019. He’s incredibly experienced in the field, having done research in Materials Engineering at both U of T and Stanford, where he did his Master’s and PhD. Students consistently describe him as an engaging lecturer who explains difficult concepts clearly and makes the material accessible over time. He’s also known for his exciting in-class demonstrations and supportive approach to teaching. In addition to his teaching and research, he’s involved in Engineering Science capstone project supervision and serves as faculty advisor for the U of T Human Powered Vehicle Design Team. 


Professor Interviews

Snippets from our interview with Professor Ramsay:

“[MSE160] is meant to be a course that will be useful for you as an engineer, regardless of your future specialization.” 

I suppose my style or philosophy is to convey excitement I have about the subject material and convey a sense that you can figure out so many things if you understand these underlying concepts.” 

“It’s all this structure/property relationship that really helps us understand so much of what’s key to engineering.” 

For more, check out the Interview Transcript here.


Course Highlights

  • Looking at material samples and witnessing cool live demonstrations during lecture! 

  • Seeing material science concepts in other places; you’ll begin to see atomic packing in the supermarket fruit aisle, and phase diagrams will remind you of Pikachu! 

  • Learning how to deliberately cause defects in a material to improve its physical properties, and why this works. 
Diagram showing three common metallic crystal structures: body-centred cubic (bcc) with atoms at the cube corners and center, face-centred cubic (fcc) with atoms at corners and face centers, and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) with layers of atoms in a hexagonal arrangement.
Some useful crystal structures [Source]

Week in the Life of an MSE160 Student

Lectures

There are typically three MSE160 lectures per week covering course concepts as well as practical applications. Professor Ramsay mainly teaches using the chalkboard, but if lecture slides are used, they’ll usually be posted beforehand. Problems solved in class are very helpful for studying, along with the course slides and notes. 

At the end of each week, there’s usually a fun demonstration to connect course concepts to real-life applications. From lying on a bed of nails to shooting coloured lasers at balloons to making a polyurethane Pikachu, these professors will make the demonstrations engaging and unmissable! 

Tutorials

MSE160 tutorials happen once a week. The TAs briefly discuss the previous week’s lecture material, and most of the tutorial is spent discussing practice problems like those on exams. For our year, these were the only practice problems provided to students outside of the problem sets, and tutorial slides were not posted afterwards. If this is also the case for your class, make sure you pay good attention to how these tutorial problems are solved, and take good notes as they are excellent preparation for exams. (MSE160 doesn’t have practicals.)  

Assessments

MSE160’s textbook has weekly questions ranging from easy conceptual facts to challenging questions that strengthen your ability to visualize and calculate material properties. These marked assignments also serve as valuable study aids before midterms and final assessments. 

In addition, there are a couple problem sets and quizzes throughout the semester. The problem sets usually consist of a couple calculation questions covered in lecture and are fairly straightforward. The quizzes are available for 24 hours; however, once you start, you only have 30 minutes to complete them. You’re allowed to access lecture notes as well as the textbook during these quizzes. 

Midterms & Exams

MSE160 usually has one midterm and a final. The exams are very much based on your ability to apply the correct course concepts and solve application-based problems. You’ll be provided with a formula sheet showcasing some important constants, a few formulas, and the periodic table.   

To see past exams for MSE160, see the SKULE Exam Repository. 


How to Succeed

Note: You aren’t expected to know the following technical information beforehand. You’ll learn it all in the course.   

Quick Tips & Equations

  • Remember electron configurations: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 … 

  • Know all the crystal structures such as SC, BCC, FCC, HCP, as well as the Miller indices of interstitial sites. 

  • Practice deriving material property indices, which require expressions for the function and objective of a structure, in addition to its geometrical and physical properties 

  • Band gap theory: the bigger the gap, the harder it is for atoms to move from the valence band to the conduction band. Materials transmit and absorb certain wavelengths of light based on the energy of a photon relative to the band gap of the material.
A figure showing the band gaps for general metals, semiconductors, and insulators. [Source]

More Details

Diagrams appear throughout the course, filling every chapter of the textbook. From material structures to property graphs, the diagrams make it easier to understand course concepts. You may also have to recall them during assessments.

Many course concepts will be discussed without being derived from first principles. This means you’re expected to know how to use the concept rather than how to derive or fully theorize about the concept. Focus only on as much detail as you’re given in lecture; studying beyond the course’s scope might not help you on assessments.

Since the course is so varied, the problem sets are your best tool for checking your understanding. They cover the types of questions that’ll appear on assessments, so make sure you can answer everything. Since every course concept will be assessed at some point, it’s best to ask for clarification if you get stuck.

The online textbook, while lengthy, covers some simple versions of assignment problems, making it a very handy resource when completing assignments.

In lectures, you’ll discuss some interesting applications of materials science. These may seem like fun detours – but pay attention. The assessments typically have a “design” question, where you’re expected to apply some concept in a practical engineering problem. Without an awareness of actual applications, you’ll struggle to find a reasonable answer.

One of the best ways to prepare for the MSE160 tests and multiple-choice portions is by doing lots of practice questions. Professor Ramsay posts a large bank of past exams from the courses he’s taught over the years; while not all of them are from MSE160, they still cover many of the same topics and concepts, making them a great source of relevant practice questions. Working through a variety of these questions is a great way to prepare for the tests and get a better sense of the types of questions to expect.

While MSE160 may seem more “memorization-heavy” compared to other courses in first year, there are many different types of questions that’ll require you to apply your understanding of complicated material properties in calculations. Therefore, studying regularly and keeping up with course content is essential for success. This course moves quickly and there are a lot of topics, all of which will be tested.


Beyond First Year

  • The world is made up of materials after all! MSE160 provides you with a great perspective as to how things work and some insight into manufacturing processes. 
  • You’ll learn how material selection works. This is a skill you can apply in Praxis II and III, design teams, projects beyond first year, and more.
  • You’ll gain an appreciation for the practical applications of fundamental science. For example, you’ll understand why plastic bag handles elongate but do not break, even when supporting heavy loads. You’ll also see how knowledge of electron energy levels and light emission can lead to better TV screens.
  • MSE160 will connect atomic physics, chemistry, mechanics, biology, and more, showing the interconnectedness of science fields. This course will provide a basis for several courses in the Aerospace Engineering and Biomedical Systems Engineering majors, though every engineering discipline typically involve material science courses.